论文摘要翻译正文一般包括论文引言、摘要实验部分、实验翻译结果及讨论和结论四大部分。理论探讨、论文报道及综述性的文幸的写法与其不尽相同。关于这个问题我们将在下文中举例介绍。
一、论文摘要引言的翻译写法
引言是论文摘要翻译正文的第一部分,主要介绍本项研究的目的、现状及要解决的问题和使用的方法。引言部分一般的标题是introduction,但有时也可不列出标题,直接陈述该项研究的目的、现状及要解决的问题和使用的方法。引言论文翻译部分不使用标题,通常都表明该文内容比较单纯、叙述比较简短。
例如:
Cyrlrns DI, D2, and D3 are major regulators of the GI restriction point,which act promoting phosophorylation and inactivation of the retinoblastama prcetin (RB). Cyclin D1 may act as an oncogenet;it is altered in several neoplasms and its overrexpression is a relevant differential diagnartic tool in low-grade lymphoma.Cyclins D2 and D3 share significant sequence homology with cyrlin Dq and may have similar functions. 'However, there are also several differences between the individual D-type cyclins, indicating that their physialogical functions are unlikely to he fully redundant.
从上例可以看出,论文摘要翻译在叙述研究对象的性状、功能及目前的现状时、应使用一般现在时;在叙述作者在写文章前作者本人以及其他人对研究对象所做的研究以及本项研究的目的时,应使用一般过去时。过去和现在,人们总认为论文摘要翻译应使用被动态,以示客观.论文摘要翻译工作者们在写作时已不再拘泥于传统的做法,而是以主动、积极的态度来看待自己所从事英语论文翻译的研究以及自己所撰写的论文摘要翻译内容。
二、论文摘要翻译主要叙述实验操作过程,叙述一般要详细,对实验的每一步脚都应详加陈述。另外,还需写明所用仪器、仪表的型号、生产勺一家以及药品的用量、规格及生产厂家等。对实验操作过程中应注意的问题应特别注明。如涉及理论计算和推导,还应将计算论文摘要翻译步骤和推导过程详细列出。
例如:Materials and Methods
Normal tissres were obtained from surgical specimens. We also evaluated 33 samples of organs with inflammatory/hyper- plastic diseases, including four cases of Hashimoto's throrditis,two of mycobacterial granulomatous lymphadenitis, six of chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and/or neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, four of colitis, 12 of endometrial hyperplasia, without alypia, four of atypical endometrial hypreplasia.
有的作者在写作时,甚至采用更为直截了当表述法,明确表明自己的观点和态度。下面是引自Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics(“手法与理疗杂志")Qualitative Review of Studies of Manipulation-Induced Hypoal-gesi。中的一段话,这段话的陈述方式及用词使作者个人的思想跃然纸上。
三、实验结果的写法
实验结果一般用文字或图表来表达,但论文摘要翻译常常是图文并茂。实验结果部分一般w寸实验中的发现或数据进行客观性的叙述,但有时也可对实验的结果略加论述。例如:
We studied 50 357 CABG cases from 8 provinces (23 hospi-tals). The members of cases from fiscal years 1992/92, 1993/ 93, 1994/95. and 1995/96 were 11 895, 12 094, 12 956 and 13 412 respectively. The overall death rate for the 4-year period was 3.6%. The mean age of the patients was 63.3 years, end 21.9% of the patients were women. The clinical characteristics of the 50 357 patients are shown in Table 1.
实验结果部分也可以根据实验内容的不同而分作几个独立的部分进行陈述,每一部分还可以有一个小标题。