汶川地震十年,你还是不知道这些事
编辑:知行翻译 浏览量:0 时间:2018-09-07
2008年5月12日(星期一)14时28分04秒,一声巨响,四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州汶川县映秀镇与漩口镇交界处发生地震,面波震级达8.0Ms,矩震级达8.3Mw,严重破坏区域超过10万平方米。如今10年过去了,家园已然重建,悲伤逐渐淡却,可是警钟应该长鸣,因为在自然灾害面前,我们的生命是那么的脆弱与渺小,而且近几年,国内外大大小的地震频发,可是我们对地震的知识储备却仍是寥寥无几,正值“汶川地震10周年”,在缅怀逝者的同时,也希望我们能多了解一点地震知识。
科普篇
Our planet is full of famous shaky spots — California, Japan, New Zealand and so on — but the father of modern seismology hailed from comparatively stable Ireland.
我们的地球布满了著名的震点,像加利福尼亚、日本、新西兰等等,但现代地震学之父却来自地震相对稀发的爱尔兰。
In 1849, Dublin-born engineer Robert Mallet detonated kegs of gunpowder he’d buried on a beach to test how shock waves traveled through rock and other material: the world’s first seismological experiment.
1849年,都柏林建筑师Robert Mallet将数桶炸药埋在沙滩下,引爆后用来测试地震波如何穿过石头和其他物质,这就是世界上的第一次地震学实验。
In the second century A.D., China’s Zhang Heng created the first seismoscope, which reportedly picked up a jolt not noticed by humans.
在公元二世纪,中国的张衡发明了第一架地震仪,相传它检测出了一次人类没有察觉的小地震。
You know what else picks up P waves? Pooches. Dogs can hear the waves, which have too high a frequency for our ears to notice. That’s why there are so many reports of dogs barking immediately before a quake.
你知道还有什么能捕捉到地震纵波吗?狗狗们可以。狗可以捕捉到人耳无法听到的高频超声波。这就是许多报道中狗狗们在地震发生之前狂吠的原因。
There are plenty of small earthquakes, most not even felt by humans, occur across the world every day due to detonations, such as nuclear weapons testing or mining, or rising magma linked to volcanic activity.
地球上每天有许多小地震发生,它们大多不被人类所察觉。这些小地震由核武器试验、采矿作业,或火山活动造成的岩浆上升等因素所带来的爆炸产生。
安全Tips
1. If you're in bed when an earthquake strikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow.
如果地震发生时你正在床上,不要动。在原地用枕头保护住头部。
2.Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.Many inside doorways are lightly constructed and do not offer protection.
远离建筑物、路灯和公用电线。许多走廊建得并不结实,不能为我们提供保护。
3. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.
大多数地震相关的人员伤亡是由倒塌的墙壁、飞溅的玻璃,和坠落的物体造成的。
4. If trapped under debris, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
如果被困于废墟下,要用手帕或衣物捂住口部。呼救只是迫不得已的下策。呼喊可能使你吸入大量可能致命的灰尘。
5. Look for and extinguish small fires. Fire is the most common hazard after an earthquake.
及时找到并熄灭小火。火灾是地震后最常见的灾害。
没有人希望发生意外,可是谁也无法保证明天会发生什么,一旦遇上意外,希望我们可以有效的保护自己。